Active থেকে Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তরের সম্পূর্ণ নিয়ম — সব Tense-এর চার্ট, Pronoun পরিবর্তন, Imperative, Question ও Double Object সহ বিস্তারিত গাইড।
Voice (বাচ্য) ব্যাকরণের এমন একটি বৈশিষ্ট্য যা দেখায় বাক্যের Subject কাজ করছে নাকি কাজটি Subject-এর উপর হচ্ছে। ইংরেজিতে দুটি Voice আছে: Active Voice ও Passive Voice। SSC, HSC ও বিভিন্ন পরীক্ষায় Voice পরিবর্তন একটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রশ্ন।
কখন Passive Voice ব্যবহার হয়?
Active → Passive পরিবর্তনের মূল সূত্র:
| Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | He writes a letter. | A letter is written by him. |
| Present Continuous | He is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by him. |
| Present Perfect | He has written a letter. | A letter has been written by him. |
| Simple Past | He wrote a letter. | A letter was written by him. |
| Past Continuous | He was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by him. |
| Past Perfect | He had written a letter. | A letter had been written by him. |
| Simple Future | He will write a letter. | A letter will be written by him. |
| Future Perfect | He will have written a letter. | A letter will have been written by him. |
| Modal | He can write a letter. | A letter can be written by him. |
be Verb-এর রূপ মনে রাখুন: Present → is/are/am | Past → was/were | Perfect → been | Future → be (will be) | Continuous → being। Passive = be (সঠিক রূপ) + V3।
| Active (Subject) | Passive (by + Object) |
|---|---|
| I | by me |
| We | by us |
| You | by you |
| He | by him |
| She | by her |
| They | by them |
| It | by it |
Imperative (আদেশ) বাক্যে Passive করতে: "Let + Object + be + V3"
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Open the door. | Let the door be opened. |
| Do the work immediately. | Let the work be done immediately. |
| Help the poor. | Let the poor be helped. |
| Don't tell a lie. | Let not a lie be told. / A lie should not be told. |
কিছু Verb-এ দুটি Object থাকে (give, teach, send, show, offer, tell)। দুটির যেকোনো একটিকে Subject বানানো যায়।
| Active | Passive (Direct Object → Subject) | Passive (Indirect Object → Subject) |
|---|---|---|
| She gave me a book. | A book was given to me by her. | I was given a book by her. |
| He taught us English. | English was taught to us by him. | We were taught English by him. |
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Who wrote this letter? | By whom was this letter written? |
| Did he write the letter? | Was the letter written by him? |
| Who is calling me? | By whom am I being called? |
| What did they do? | What was done by them? |
Intransitive Verb (যাদের Object নেই) এবং কিছু Linking/Stative Verb-এর Passive Voice হয় না।
Intransitive: go, come, sleep, arrive, die, rise, fall, laugh, sit, walk, run, swim
উদাহরণ: ✗ "The sun was risen." → ✓ "The sun rose." (rise Intransitive Verb)
'by' কখন বাদ দেওয়া যায়? যখন কর্তা (agent) অজানা, অপ্রয়োজনীয় বা স্বতঃস্ফূর্ত: "The window was broken." (কে ভেঙেছে জানা নেই — by কেউ বাদ) / "He was killed." (সাধারণ বর্ণনা)।
20টি প্রশ্ন — প্রতিটির সবচেয়ে সঠিক উত্তর বেছে নিন। উত্তরের পর সঠিক উত্তর ও ব্যাখ্যা দেখাবে।