Direct Speech-এর দুটি অংশ:
- Reporting Verb (বর্ণনাকারী বাক্য): He said, She told me — এই অংশটি পরিবর্তন হয় না
- Reported Speech (উদ্ধৃত বাক্য): "I am happy" — এই Quotation Mark-এর ভেতরের অংশ পরিবর্তন হয়
Narration (উক্তি পরিবর্তন) হলো কারো বক্তব্য তার নিজের ভাষায় (Direct Speech) বা অন্যের ভাষায় (Indirect Speech) প্রকাশ করার পদ্ধতি। এটি SSC ও HSC পরীক্ষার অন্যতম গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ যেখানে Direct থেকে Indirect বা Indirect থেকে Direct-এ রূপান্তর করতে বলা হয়।
Direct ও Indirect Speech পরিচিতি
Direct Speech
প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি
বক্তার হুবহু কথা Quotation Mark-সহ লেখা হয়। He said, "I am happy."
Indirect Speech
পরোক্ষ উক্তি
বক্তার কথা নিজের ভাষায় বলা হয়। He said that he was happy.
Indirect Speech-এর মূল নিয়মাবলী
নিয়ম ১: Tense পরিবর্তন (Backshift)
Reporting Verb Past Tense-এ থাকলে Reported Speech-এর Tense পিছিয়ে যায়।
| Direct Speech-এ Tense | Indirect Speech-এ Tense |
|---|---|
| Simple Present (write) | Simple Past (wrote) |
| Present Continuous (is writing) | Past Continuous (was writing) |
| Present Perfect (has written) | Past Perfect (had written) |
| Simple Past (wrote) | Past Perfect (had written) |
| Past Continuous (was writing) | Past Perfect Continuous (had been writing) |
| will | would |
| can | could |
| may | might |
| shall | should |
Tense পরিবর্তন হয় না যখন: Reporting Verb Present/Future Tense-এ থাকে। অথবা চিরসত্য/বৈজ্ঞানিক তথ্য: He said, "The sun rises in the east." → He said that the sun rises in the east. (rises → rises, পরিবর্তন নেই)
নিয়ম ২: Pronoun পরিবর্তন
Direct Speech-এর Pronoun পরিবর্তন নির্ভর করে বক্তা (speaker) ও শ্রোতা (listener) কে তার উপর।
| Person | Direct-এ | Indirect-এ পরিণত হয় | উদাহরণ |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Person Subject | I | বক্তার নাম বা he/she | I → he (যদি পুরুষ বক্তা) |
| 1st Person Object | me, my, mine, myself | him/her, his/her | my → his/her |
| 1st Person Plural | we, us, our | they, them, their | we → they |
| 2nd Person | you, your | শ্রোতার নাম বা he/she/they | you → he/she/they |
| 3rd Person | he, she, they | অপরিবর্তিত | he → he (পরিবর্তন নেই) |
নিয়ম ৩: Time ও Place Expression পরিবর্তন
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| now | then / at that time |
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before / the previous day |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| last week/year | the previous week/year |
| next week/year | the following week/year |
| here | there |
| this | that |
| these | those |
| ago | before |
বিভিন্ন ধরনের বাক্যে Narration
Assertive Sentence (বিবৃতিমূলক)
Reporting Verb: said → said that / told → told + person + that
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| He said, "I am happy." | He said that he was happy. |
| She said to me, "I will help you." | She told me that she would help me. |
| He said, "I have finished my work." | He said that he had finished his work. |
| She said, "I went to Dhaka yesterday." | She said that she had gone to Dhaka the day before. |
Interrogative Sentence (প্রশ্নবোধক)
Reporting Verb: asked / inquired / wanted to know
Yes/No প্রশ্নে: asked + if/whether
Wh-প্রশ্নে: asked + Wh-word (Question word-ই Conjunction হয়)
প্রশ্নের Structure পরিবর্তন: Assertive order (Subject + Verb)
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| He said to me, "Are you happy?" | He asked me if/whether I was happy. |
| She said, "Where do you live?" | She asked where I lived. |
| He said to her, "What is your name?" | He asked her what her name was. |
| She said to him, "Did you eat?" | She asked him if/whether he had eaten. |
Imperative Sentence (আদেশ/অনুরোধ)
Reporting Verb: told / ordered / requested / advised / asked / urged + Object + to V1
Negative Imperative: told/asked + Object + not to V1
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| He said to me, "Come here." | He told me to go there. |
| She said to him, "Please help me." | She requested him to help her. |
| The teacher said to students, "Don't make noise." | The teacher told the students not to make noise. |
| He said to me, "Study hard." | He advised me to study hard. |
Exclamatory Sentence (আবেগসূচক)
Reporting Verb: exclaimed with joy/sorrow/surprise + that / cried out that / wished
What!/How! বাদ যায় এবং very/greatly যোগ হয়।
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| He said, "What a beautiful bird!" | He exclaimed with joy that it was a very beautiful bird. |
| She said, "Alas! I am ruined." | She exclaimed with sorrow that she was ruined. |
| He said, "Hurrah! We have won." | He exclaimed with joy that they had won. |
| She said, "How kind you are!" | She exclaimed that he was very kind. |
Optative Sentence (ইচ্ছাসূচক)
Reporting Verb: wished / prayed / expressed a wish that
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| He said, "May you live long!" | He wished/prayed that I might live long. |
| She said, "May Allah bless you!" | She prayed that Allah might bless him. |
said to → told: Assertive Indirect-এ "said to + person" → "told + person"। কিন্তু Interrogative-এ "said to + person" → "asked + person"। এবং কোনো নির্দিষ্ট Object না থাকলে "said" রয়ে যায়।
কুইজ — নিজেকে যাচাই করুন
প্র্যাকটিস কুইজ
20টি প্রশ্ন — প্রতিটির সবচেয়ে সঠিক উত্তর বেছে নিন। উত্তরের পর সঠিক উত্তর ও ব্যাখ্যা দেখাবে।
স্কোর: ০/20
০/20 সম্পন্ন
1'He said, "I am happy."' — Indirect Speech?
2'She said to me, "I will help you."' — Indirect Speech?
3'He said to me, "Are you happy?"' — Indirect Speech?
4'She said, "Where do you live?"' — Indirect Speech?
5'He said to me, "Come here."' — Indirect Speech?
6'The teacher said, "Don\'t make noise."' — Indirect Speech?
7'He said, "What a beautiful bird!"' — Indirect Speech?
8Direct Speech-এ 'today' → Indirect Speech-এ কী হয়?
9'She said, "I went to Dhaka yesterday."' — Indirect Speech?
10'He said, "May you live long!"' — Indirect Speech?
11Direct Speech-এ 'will' → Indirect Speech-এ কী হয়?
12'He said to her, "What is your name?"' — Indirect Speech?
13'She said, "How kind you are!"' — Indirect Speech?
14Direct Speech-এ 'can' → Indirect Speech-এ কী হয়?
15চিরসত্য বাক্যে Tense পরিবর্তন হয় কি?
16'He said, "I have finished my work."' — Indirect Speech?
17'She said to him, "Please help me."' — Indirect Speech?
18Direct Speech-এ 'here' → Indirect Speech-এ কী হয়?
19'He said to me, "I saw you yesterday."' — Indirect Speech?
20'She said, "Alas! I am ruined."' — Indirect Speech?
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