অর্থ না বদলে Affirmative বাক্যকে Negative এবং Negative বাক্যকে Affirmative-এ রূপান্তর করা যায়। নিচের pattern গুলো মনে রাখুন:
Transformation of Sentences (বাক্য রূপান্তর) মানে একটি বাক্যের অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রেখে তার গঠন পরিবর্তন করা। SSC ও HSC পরীক্ষায় এটি সর্বোচ্চ নম্বর বহনকারী ব্যাকরণ প্রশ্নগুলোর একটি। বাক্যকে Simple → Complex → Compound বা Affirmative → Negative → Interrogative ইত্যাদিতে রূপান্তর করা এই টপিকের মূল বিষয়।
Transformation-এর প্রকারভেদ
Simple ↔ Complex ↔ Compound
গঠন পরিবর্তন
Clause যোগ বা বিয়োগ করে তিন ধরনের বাক্যের মধ্যে রূপান্তর
Affirmative ↔ Negative
হ্যাঁ-না রূপান্তর
অর্থ না বদলে Positive থেকে Negative বা Negative থেকে Positive
Assertive ↔ Interrogative
বিবৃতি ↔ প্রশ্ন
Rhetorical Question ও Assertive-এর মধ্যে রূপান্তর
Degrees of Comparison
Degree রূপান্তর
Positive ↔ Comparative ↔ Superlative একই অর্থে রূপান্তর
Voice Change
বাচ্য পরিবর্তন
Active ↔ Passive Voice রূপান্তর
Exclamatory ↔ Assertive
আবেগ ↔ বিবৃতি
What/How দিয়ে শুরু আবেগবাক্য ও সাধারণ বিবৃতির মধ্যে
Simple ↔ Complex ↔ Compound রূপান্তর
তিন ধরনের বাক্য পরিচিতি
| ধরন | সংজ্ঞা | উদাহরণ |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Sentence | একটি Subject ও একটি Finite Verb — একটিমাত্র Independent Clause | Despite being poor, he is honest. |
| Complex Sentence | একটি Independent Clause + একটি/ততোধিক Dependent Clause | Although he is poor, he is honest. |
| Compound Sentence | দুটি বা ততোধিক Independent Clause Coordinating Conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত | He is poor but he is honest. |
Simple → Complex রূপান্তর
| Simple | Complex | সূত্র |
|---|---|---|
| Despite being poor, he is honest. | Although he is poor, he is honest. | Despite → Although |
| Being tired, she went to bed. | As/Since she was tired, she went to bed. | Being → As/Since |
| He was too weak to walk. | He was so weak that he could not walk. | too…to → so…that…not |
| She is old enough to vote. | She is so old that she can vote. | enough to → so…that |
| On arriving home, he slept. | When/As soon as he arrived home, he slept. | On + V-ing → When/As soon as |
| Walking fast, she reached on time. | Because she walked fast, she reached on time. | Participle phrase → Because clause |
| He worked hard to pass. | He worked hard so that he could pass. | to + V1 → so that |
Simple → Compound রূপান্তর
| Simple | Compound | সূত্র |
|---|---|---|
| Despite being poor, he is honest. | He is poor but he is honest. | Despite → but |
| Being ill, he could not attend. | He was ill so he could not attend. | Being → so |
| He worked hard to win the prize. | He worked hard and won the prize. | to + V1 → and |
| Besides being honest, he is kind. | He is honest and he is also kind. | Besides → and also |
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Pattern: too…to → so…that…not
too + Adj/Adv + to + V1 → so + Adj/Adv + that + Subject + cannot/could not + V1
• He is too weak to walk. → He is so weak that he cannot walk.
• She was too tired to continue. → She was so tired that she could not continue.
• The box is too heavy for me to lift. → The box is so heavy that I cannot lift it.
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Pattern: enough to → so…that…can
Adj + enough + to + V1 → so + Adj + that + Subject + can/could + V1
• She is old enough to vote. → She is so old that she can vote.
• He is strong enough to carry it. → He is so strong that he can carry it.
Affirmative ↔ Negative রূপান্তর
| Affirmative | Negative | Pattern |
|---|---|---|
| Everyone loves her. | There is nobody who does not love her. | Everyone → nobody…not |
| He is the best student. | No other student is as good as he. | Superlative → No other…as |
| Always speak the truth. | Never tell a lie. | always → never |
| He is too old to work. | He is so old that he cannot work. | too → so…that…not |
| As soon as he came, she left. | No sooner had he come than she left. | As soon as → No sooner…than |
| Only Rahim can do it. | None but Rahim can do it. | Only → None but |
| Both Rahim and Karim came. | Not only Rahim but also Karim came. | Both…and → Not only…but also |
| He must do the work. | He cannot but do the work. | must → cannot but |
Assertive ↔ Interrogative ও অন্যান্য রূপান্তর
Assertive → Interrogative (Rhetorical Question)
Assertive বাক্যকে Rhetorical Question-এ রূপান্তর করতে অর্থ বিপরীত হয়ে প্রশ্ন তৈরি হয়।
| Assertive | Interrogative (Rhetorical) |
|---|---|
| Everyone should obey the law. | Should not everyone obey the law? / Who should not obey the law? |
| It is foolish to waste time. | Is it not foolish to waste time? |
| He is the best player. | Who is better than him? / Is there any better player than him? |
| No one can deny it. | Who can deny it? |
Exclamatory ↔ Assertive রূপান্তর
| Exclamatory | Assertive |
|---|---|
| What a beautiful flower! | It is a very beautiful flower. |
| How kind she is! | She is very kind. |
| What a fool he is! | He is a great fool. |
| How fast he runs! | He runs very fast. |
Degree রূপান্তর (পুনরালোচনা)
| Superlative | Comparative | Positive |
|---|---|---|
| Rahim is the best boy in the class. | Rahim is better than any other boy in the class. | No other boy in the class is as good as Rahim. |
| The Amazon is the longest river in the world. | The Amazon is longer than any other river in the world. | No other river in the world is as long as the Amazon. |
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মনে রাখুন:
• As soon as → No sooner…than: No sooner had he come than she left. (Inverted order: had + Subject)
• Scarcely/Hardly…when: Scarcely had she sat down when the phone rang.
• Only → None but / No one but: Only Rahim can do it → None but Rahim can do it.
• must → cannot but: He must do it → He cannot but do it.
কুইজ — নিজেকে যাচাই করুন
প্র্যাকটিস কুইজ
20টি প্রশ্ন — প্রতিটির সবচেয়ে সঠিক উত্তর বেছে নিন। উত্তরের পর সঠিক উত্তর ও ব্যাখ্যা দেখাবে।
স্কোর: ০/20
০/20 সম্পন্ন
1'Although he is poor, he is honest.' — Simple Sentence করুন।
2'He is too weak to walk.' — Complex Sentence করুন।
3'She is old enough to vote.' — Complex Sentence করুন।
4'As soon as he came, she left.' — Negative করুন।
5'What a beautiful flower!' — Assertive Sentence করুন।
6'Only Rahim can do it.' — Negative করুন।
7'He worked hard to pass.' — Complex করুন।
8'Everyone loves her.' — Negative করুন।
9'Being tired, she went to bed.' — Complex করুন।
10'He is the best player.' — Interrogative (Rhetorical) করুন।
11'How kind she is!' — Assertive করুন।
12'He must do the work.' — Negative করুন।
13'The Amazon is longer than any other river in the world.' — Superlative করুন।
14'Despite being poor, he is honest.' — Compound করুন।
15'Always speak the truth.' — Negative করুন।
16'She was too tired to continue.' — Complex করুন।
17'On arriving home, he slept.' — Complex করুন।
18'Both Rahim and Karim came.' — Negative করুন।
19'No other boy in the class is as good as Rahim.' — Superlative করুন।
20'Scarcely had she sat down when the phone rang.' — Simple করুন।
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